Pitney-bowes MapInfo Professional Instrukcja Użytkownika Strona 391
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15
Working with Coordinate
Systems and Projections
Maps at their base are a visual representation in two dimensions of a section of
the three-dimensional Earth. Being able to use maps in an electronic format in
many ways frees us from the constrictions of the two-dimensional map because
we can use mathematical formulas to compensate for the curvature of the Earth.
In this chapter, we cover the coordinate systems and projections that are standard
in MapInfo Professional and provide the tools with which you can create a custom
projections to meet your organization's needs. Whether you are a local government
trying to establish new tax rolls or a large company trying to define your sales
territory more precisely, creating a custom projection may be a solution you want
to explore.
For more information, see Using Ocean and Grid Tables and Frequently Asked
Projection File Questions in the Help System.
In this section:
• Working with Coordinate Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .392
• Building Blocks of a Coordinate System . . . . . . . . . . . .397
• Adding Projections to the MAPINFOW.PRJ File . . . . . .402
• Understanding Precision in MapInfo Professional . . . .404
• Understanding Affine Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . .405
• Using Earth and Non-Earth Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407
- MapInfo Professional 1
- Copyright 5
- Contents 7
- MapInfo Professional 12.58 8
- MapInfo Professional 12.510 10
- MapInfo Professional 12.512 12
- MapInfo Professional 12.514 14
- MapInfo Professional 12.516 16
- MapInfo Professional 12.518 18
- MapInfo Professional 12.520 20
- Introduction 21
- What is MapInfo Professional? 22
- Getting Support 26
- Getting Technical Support 27
- Tell Us What You Think! 28
- What's New in MapInfo 29
- Professional 29
- New Layout Designer Window 30
- Data Access Features 32
- Sample Data Enhancements 32
- New and Existing Tools 33
- The Basics of MapInfo 35
- Starting MapInfo Professional 36
- Exiting MapInfo Professional 36
- Working with Toolbars 37
- An Overview of the Toolbars 37
- Support for Raster Images 44
- Opening MapInfo Tables 48
- Opening Data in Remote Tables 50
- What is a Layer? 52
- Map Objects as Part of Layers 53
- Managing a Map's Layers 53
- Using Workspaces 54
- About the Browser Format 57
- Accessing the Table List 64
- About the Table List Window 64
- Sorting in the Table List 66
- Searching the Table List 67
- Accessing Layer Control 68
- Adding Layers to the Map 71
- Reordering Map Layers 72
- Setting the Zoom Layering 72
- Positioning and Sizing Labels 73
- Getting Layer Information 75
- Selecting Objects in a Layer 76
- Working with Thematic Layers 77
- Working with Seamless Layers 79
- Add to Library 83
- Saving a MapInfo Workspace 84
- Closing a Table 86
- Opening vs. Importing 86
- Cropping Images 87
- Exporting to ASCII Format 88
- Configuring MapInfo 91
- Professional Preferences 91
- Summary of Preferences 92
- Setting Your Preferences 92
- Setting Your Default Units 94
- Setting Your Undo Options 94
- Setting Your Color Defaults 95
- Creating a Startup Workspace 99
- Using Search Directories 101
- Setting up a Geocoding Server 107
- Setting up a Routing Server 109
- Printing Caveats 123
- Understanding Your Data 129
- Working with MapInfo Tables 130
- Updating a Table 131
- Appending Rows to a Table 132
- Creating a New Table 136
- Copying and Renaming a Table 138
- Deleting a Table 138
- Packing a Table 138
- Browsing a Table 140
- Opening an Existing Report 141
- Saving a Report 141
- Graphing Your Data 143
- Graphing Terms 144
- 3D Graphs 144
- Area Graphs 145
- Bar Graphs 145
- Bubble Graphs 145
- Column Graphs 145
- Histogram Graphs 146
- Line Graphs 146
- Pie Graphs 146
- Scatter Graphs 146
- Editing a Graph 148
- Exploding a Pie Graph 154
- Saving a Graph 159
- Using Graph Templates 159
- Location Preferences 160
- Saving a Graph Template 160
- Chapter 6: Graphing Your Data 161
- Working with Data in a 163
- Getting Started 164
- Requirements 165
- SQL Server Data Support 175
- PostGIS Data Support 175
- Oracle Data Support 176
- Making a Table Mappable 181
- Opening a DBMS Table 185
- Creating a New DBMS Table 187
- Saving a DBMS Table 190
- Databases 193
- Working with PostGIS Tables 194
- Drawing and Editing Objects 201
- Drawing Objects 203
- Object Styles 205
- Printing Fill Patterns 205
- Drawing Symbols 208
- Working with Custom Symbols 209
- Working with Text on the Map 210
- Editing Objects 211
- Reshaping Map Objects 215
- Autotracing Objects 218
- Merging One Map into Another 219
- Selecting and Querying Data 223
- Characteristics of Selections 225
- Selecting from the Screen 226
- Selecting Tools 227
- Using the Radius Select Tool 228
- Using the Marquee Select Tool 229
- Using the Polygon Select Tool 229
- Selecting and Using Queries 231
- Creating Query Expressions 236
- Saving Queries 243
- Using Templates for Queries 250
- Deriving Columns 250
- Creating Column Aliases 251
- Aggregating Data 251
- Joining Two or More Tables 255
- Creating Thematic and Other 259
- Themed Maps 259
- Planning Your Thematic Map 261
- Methods of Thematic Mapping 262
- Types of Thematic Maps 263
- Ranged Maps 264
- Bar Chart Maps 266
- Pie Chart Maps 267
- Graduated Symbol Maps 268
- Dot Density Maps 269
- Individual Value Maps 271
- Grid Surface Maps 272
- Creating a Thematic Map 273
- Thematic Maps as Layers 277
- Modifying a Thematic Map 278
- Using the Theme Templates 278
- Saving Your Thematic Settings 279
- Adding Temporary Columns 285
- Working with Grid Handlers 287
- Buffering and Working with 289
- Buffering Your Data 290
- Buffer Methods 293
- Types of Buffers 293
- Clipping a Region of a Map 298
- Clearing a Target 300
- Splitting Objects 301
- Combining Selected Objects 302
- Creating a Voronoi Polygon 303
- Stylizing Your Map for 305
- Presentations and 305
- Publishing 305
- Changing a Map's Style 306
- Changing a Line's Style 307
- Changing the Text Style 309
- Labeling Your Map 310
- Choosing the Label Content 311
- Using AutoLabeling 312
- Creating Callouts 316
- Label Styles 317
- Labeling Interactively 318
- Using Text Objects as Labels 318
- Saving Labels 319
- Working with Layouts 320
- Editing the Map Display Style 322
- Image Not Found 326
- Moving Frames 328
- Resizing Frames 329
- Printing Your Layout 331
- Exporting Your Layout 332
- What is a Layout Window? 333
- Working in the Layout Window 334
- Before You Create a Layout 335
- Creating a Layout Window 337
- Using Map Legends in a Layout 340
- Cloning a Map View 342
- What is a Legend? 342
- Creating a Map Legend 343
- Printing Your Project 346
- Exporting a Layout 348
- Registering Raster Images 351
- Working with Raster Images 352
- Raster Image Format Details 353
- Opening a Raster Image 354
- Reprojecting a Raster Map 355
- Putting Your Data on the 361
- Displaying your SQLite Data 365
- Opening SQLite Tables 366
- Displaying your dBase Data 367
- Using Universal Data Directly 371
- Working with the FME Suite 373
- Importing Graphic Files 374
- Modes of Geocoding 376
- Methods of Geocoding 376
- Finding an Exact Street Match 377
- Placing Geocoded Points 379
- Matching Street Names 379
- Matching Address Numbers 380
- Matching to Region 380
- Result Codes 383
- Ungeocoding a Table 383
- Geocoding Data using a Server 384
- Finding Data on your Map 385
- Viewing a List of Open Tables 386
- Printing Your Results 387
- Printing Your Map 388
- Viewing and Printing Text 388
- Working with Coordinate 391
- Systems and Projections 391
- Displaying Coordinates 392
- Projection Types 397
- Coordinate System Origin 400
- Range (Azimuthal Projections) 401
- What is Precision? 405
- Working with Data from a 409
- Web Service 409
- Introduction to Web Services 410
- WFS Server Requirements 415
- Tile Server Authentication 423
- Bing Licensing 425
- Working with Tile Servers 426
- Specialized Topics in 429
- What You Should Know First 430
- Limitations of OLE 431
- Working with Embedded Maps 431
- What Are Active Objects? 432
- HTML Landing Pages 433
- Using the Districts Browser 435
- Using Redistricting 436
- Options in Redistricting 436
- Creating Expressions 437
- Accessing the MapBasic Window 447
- Running a MapBasic Program 447
- Keyboard Shortcuts 449
- Shortcuts for File Menu Items 450
- Shortcuts for Edit Menu Items 450
- Shortcut to Tools Menu Items 450
- Shortcuts for Map Menu Items 451
- Shortcuts by Keystroke 452
- When the Browser is Active 456
- Elements of a Coordinate 463
- Projection Types List 468
- Projection Datums 470
- Polyconic Projection 480
- Contact Information 481
- Manually Creating a 483
- MapInfo_MapCatalog 483
- MapInfo Map Interchange 487
- Delimiter 497
- CoordSys Clause 497
- Transform Clause 498
- Glossary of Terms 501
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